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        <span data-v-59e6cb88>2022 - </span>
        2023
      </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-7dd95ae2><div data-v-7dd95ae2><main class="page" style="padding-right:0;"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">11 雪碧图和渐变</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>hasak</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>6/19/2022</span></i> <!----> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-8a445198><span class="tag-item" data-v-8a445198>CSS</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h1 id="_11-雪碧图和渐变"><a href="#_11-雪碧图和渐变" class="header-anchor">#</a> 11 雪碧图和渐变</h1> <h2 id="_1-雪碧图"><a href="#_1-雪碧图" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.雪碧图</h2> <p>解决图片闪烁的问题：</p> <p>可以将多个小图片统一保存到一个大图片中，然后通过调整<code>background-position</code>来显示响应的图片</p> <p>这样图片会同时加载到网页中就可以有效的避免出现闪烁的问题</p> <p>这个技术在网页中应用十分广泛，被称为<code>CSS-Sprite</code>，这种图我们称为雪碧图</p> <p>雪碧图的使用步骤：</p> <ol><li>先确定要使用的图标</li> <li>测量图标的大小</li> <li>根据测量结果创建一个元素</li> <li>将雪碧图设置为元素的背景图片</li> <li>设置一个偏移量以显示正确的图片</li></ol> <p>雪碧图的特点：</p> <ul><li>一次性将多个图片加载进页面，降低请求的次数，加快访问速度，提升用户的体验</li></ul> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151838869.png" alt="sprite1"></p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">a:link</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 93px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 29px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token url"><span class="token function">url</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string url">&quot;assets/背景/练习2-背景/btn.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 默认值，可以不设置 */</span>
    <span class="token property">background-position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token selector">a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 设置水平方向的一个偏移量；注意是向左移动，所以是负值 */</span>
    <span class="token property">background-position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -93px 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token selector">a:active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 设置水平方向的一个偏移量；注意是向左移动，所以是负值 */</span>
    <span class="token property">background-position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">calc</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>-93px*2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151839842.gif" alt="sprite2"></p> <p>我们对比以下之前练习中的效果，第一次加载进来的时候会有明显的闪烁</p> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151839006.gif" alt="sprite3"></p> <p><strong>实例1</strong></p> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151841092.png" alt="sprite5"></p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">.box1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 109px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 33px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token url"><span class="token function">url</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string url">&quot;assets/背景/练习3-雪碧图/amazon-sprite_.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 设置水平和垂直方向的一个偏移量；注意移动方向 */</span>
    <span class="token property">background-position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -10px -10px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token selector">.box2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 42px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token url"><span class="token function">url</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string url">&quot;assets/背景/练习3-雪碧图/amazon-sprite_.png&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* 设置水平和垂直方向的一个偏移量；注意移动方向 */</span>
    <span class="token property">background-position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -58px -338px<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151840428.png" alt="sprite4"></p> <h2 id="_2-线性渐变"><a href="#_2-线性渐变" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. 线性渐变</h2> <p>通过渐变可以设置一些复杂的背景颜色，可以实现从一个颜色向其他颜色过渡的效果</p> <p>！！渐变是图片，需要通过<code>background-image</code>来设置</p> <p>线性渐变，颜色沿着一条直线发生变化<code>linear-gradient()</code></p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code># 红色在开头，黄色在结尾，中间是过渡区域
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151841807.png" alt="lineargra1"></p> <p>线性渐变的开头，我们可以指定一个渐变的方向</p> <ul><li><code>to left</code></li> <li><code>to right</code></li> <li><code>to bottom</code></li> <li><code>to top</code></li> <li><code>deg</code> deg表示度数</li> <li><code>turn</code> 表示圈</li></ul> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>to left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>to right<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>to top<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>to bottom<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>上面基本的4个方向的渐变很好理解，我们就不再做过多的一一解释了</p> <p>我们来看度数的渐变效果</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>45deg<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151843403.png" alt="lineargra2"></p> <p>会发现它是从左下角往右上角去进行渐变的，为什么呢？</p> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151844804.png" alt="lineagra3"></p> <p>是不是恍然大悟，我们以原点作为起始点，有角度的那条边去做渐变，再把四象限的概念和矩形内部的四个角对应起来</p> <ul><li><strong>线性渐变的边上的某一点为起点，以一定角度渐变的；渐变方向的颜色是线性变化的，而其垂线方向的颜色是一致的</strong></li></ul> <p>然后看下圈数的表示方法</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0.4turn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>因为圈数和角度之间可以相互转换，所以这里就不再进行赘述了</p> <p>另外，渐变可以同时指定多个颜色，多个颜色默认情况下平均分布，也可以手动指定渐变的分布情况</p> <p><code>repeating-linear-gradient()</code>可以平铺的线性渐变</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">repeating-linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151845191.png" alt="ineargra4"></p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">repeating-linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red 0px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow 50px<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151845022.png" alt="lineargra5"></p> <p>由于我们设置的div宽高为200px，所以会有4次重复的渐变效果</p> <p>所以默认情况下，下列几种写法是一致的，效果相同</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">repeating-linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/* 因为我们设置的div盒子的宽高为200px，所以这里[height]=200px */</span>
<span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">repeating-linear-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red 0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow [height]<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="_3-径向渐变"><a href="#_3-径向渐变" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3. <strong>径向渐变</strong></h2> <p><code>radial-gradient()</code> 径向渐变（放射性的效果）</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>默认情况下，径向渐变的形状根据元素的形状来计算的</p> <ul><li>正方形 --&gt; 圆形</li></ul> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151846896.png" alt="lineargra6"></p> <ul><li>长方形 --&gt; 椭圆形</li></ul> <p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151847040.png" alt="lineargra7"></p> <p>默认情况下，<code>circle</code>和<code>ellipse</code>是自动适配盒子的，我们也可以手动指定径向渐变的形状</p> <p><strong>形状</strong></p> <ul><li><code>circle</code> 圆形</li> <li><code>ellipse</code>椭圆</li></ul> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>circle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151848920.png" alt="lineargra8"></p> <p>也可以指定渐变的位置</p> <p>位置</p> <ul><li><code>top</code></li> <li><code>right</code></li> <li><code>left</code></li> <li><code>center</code></li> <li><code>bottom</code></li></ul> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>at left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151849467.png" alt="lineargra9"></p> <p>当然，除了上述值，还可以指定像素</p> <p>大小</p> <ul><li><code>closest-side</code> 近边</li> <li><code>farthest-side</code> 远边</li> <li><code>closest-corner</code> 近角</li> <li><code>farthest-corner</code> 远角</li></ul> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>100px 60px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151850384.png" alt="lineargra10"></p> <p>同时对其形状/大小和位置进行指定</p> <p><code>radial-gradient(形状/大小 at 位置, 颜色 位置, 颜色 位置, 颜色 位置)</code></p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>circle at 50px 100px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red 50px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow 100px<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151850470.png" alt="lineargra11"></p> <h3 id="总结一下"><a href="#总结一下" class="header-anchor">#</a> 总结一下</h3> <p><strong>形状</strong></p> <ul><li><code>circle</code>圆形</li> <li><code>ellipse</code>椭圆</li></ul> <p><strong>大小</strong></p> <ul><li><code>closest-side</code> 近边</li> <li><code>farthest-side</code> 远边</li> <li><code>closest-corner</code> 近角</li> <li><code>farthest-corner</code> 远角</li></ul> <p><strong>位置</strong></p> <ul><li><code>top</code></li> <li><code>right</code></li> <li><code>left</code></li> <li><code>center</code></li> <li><code>bottom</code></li></ul> <p>类似于线性渐变，径向渐变也有对应的<code>repeat</code>属性</p> <div class="language-CSS line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">background-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">repeating-radial-gradient</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>circle at 50px 100px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> red 50px<span class="token punctuation">,</span> yellow 100px<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><img src="https://hasakwebblogimg.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202211151852274.png" alt="lineargra12"></p> <p>==总结==：径向渐变的渐变方向以圆心为起点，往四周扩散的；同一半径上的颜色是渐变的，同一圆周上的颜色是一致的</p></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/blogs/基础/html/20221115html10.html" class="prev">
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